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Batang Town ((チベット語:འབའ˙ཐང); Chinese: 巴搪 or 八搪; Pinyin: Bātáng), or Xiaqiong Town (Chinese: 夏邛镇; Pinyin: Xiàqióng Zhèn), is a town in Batang County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, in the China on the main route between Chengdu and Lhasa, Tibet, and just east of the Jinsha ('Golden Sands') River, or Upper Yangtse River. It is at an elevation of .〔Mayhew, Bradley and Kohn, Michael. (2005). ''Tibet''. 6th Edition, p. 260. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-74059-523-8.〕 ==Descriptions, geography and products== The name is a transliteration from Tibetan meaning a vast grassland where sheep can be heard everywhere (from ''ba'' - the sound made by the sheep + Tibetan ''tang'' which means a plain or steppe).〔Jäschke, H. A. (1881). ''A Tibetan-English Dictionary''. Reprint (1987): Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, p. 228.〕〔("Short Introduction of Batang county." )〕〔William Mesny (1905) ''Mesny's Miscellany''. Vol. IV, p. 397. 13 May 1905. Shanghai.〕 According to one source〔 the name in Chinese is 八搪, Pinyin: Bātáng, but, according to ''The Contemporary Atlas of China'' (1988), it should be written 巴搪, which also is rendered ''Bātáng'' in Pinyin.〔''The Contemporary Atlas of China'' (1988). Edited by Nathan Sivin, et al. Collins Publishers, London. Reprint: Sydney (1989), p. 26. ISBN 0-7322-0053-9.〕 It is alternatively known as Xiaqiong.〔''The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World'' (2007). Twelfth Edition, Index, p. 25. Times Books, London. ISBN 978-0-00-780150-3〕 :'The plain of Batang, which runs east and west, is some in length, with a breadth of from three-quarters of a mile to a mile (to 1.6 km ). In the high mountains surrounding it there are three openings—the valley of the Hsiao-pa-chung River to the south-east by which we entered, and two valleys to the north-east and south-west by which the Batang River obtains ingress and egress. Three roads lead along these valleys—to Litang, to the State of Dergé, whose frontier is a couple of days' march distant, and to Tibet and Yunnan respectively."〔Hosie, A. (1905). ''Mr. Hosie's Journey to Tibet | 1904''. First published as ''CD 2586''. Reprint (2001): The Stationery Office, London, p. 122. ISBN 0-11-702467-8.〕 Mr. A. Hosie, the British Consul at Chengdu, who visited Batang in September, 1904, reported that there was a small lamasery and the industries consisted of making black leather and a barley beer (chang). He reported that the population was about 2,000 with some 400 Tibetan houses and about 500 families "only 70 to 80 of which are Chinese."〔Hosie, A. (1905). ''Mr. Hosie's Journey to Tibet | 1904''. First published as ''CD 2586''. Reprint (2001): The Stationery Office, London, pp. 121-122. ISBN 0-11-702467-8.〕 Batang also played a significant role for hundreds of years in the traditional tea and horse trade between China, Tibet and India, being an important caravan stop for mule trains on the 'tea horse road' between Ya'an in Sichuan and Lhasa.〔See also Forbes, Andrew ; Henley, David (2011). ''China's Ancient Tea Horse Road''. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books. ASIN: B005DQV7Q2〕 William Mesny in 1905 described Batang (which he visited in 1877)〔Van Slyke, Lyman P. (1988). ''Yangtze: nature, history, and the river'', p. 163. Stanford Alumni Association (A Portable Stanford Book). ISBN 0-201-08894-0.〕 as having a population of 300 families consisting "only of Tibetans and half-castes." There were two hereditary princes ("Wang 王, King or Prince") claiming to be descendants of chiefs from Yunnan. The old Tibetan name of the town, M'Bah, is a transliteration from Tibetan meaning a vast grassland where sheep can be heard everywhere (from ''ba'' - the sound made by the sheep + Tibetan ''tang'' which means a plain or steppe).〔〔〔 It is warmer here than most of Tibet (because of the lower altitude) and is reported to be a friendly, easy-going place, surrounded by barley fields.〔〔Buckley, Michael and Straus, Robert. (1986) ''Tibet: a travel survival kit'', p, 219. Lonely Planet Publications. South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. ISBN 0-908086-88-1.〕 The plain surrounding the town is unusually fertile and produces two harvests a year. The main products include: rice, maize, barley, wheat, peas, cabbages, turnips, onions, grapes, pomegranates, peaches, apricots, water melons and honey. There are also cinnabar (mercury sulphide) mines from which mercury is extracted.〔Abbé Huc. ''The Land of the Lamas''. Taken from: ''Travels in Tartary, Thibet and China'', 1844–1846 by MM. Huc and Gabet, translated by William Hazlittletitz, pp. 122-123.〕 The Abbé Auguste Desgodins, who was on a mission to Tibet from 1855 to 1870, wrote: "gold dust is found in all the rivers and even the streams of eastern Tibet". He says that in the town of Bathan or Batan, with which he was personally acquainted, there were about 20 people regularly involved in washing for gold in spite of the severe laws against it.〔Wilson, Andrew. (1875). ''The Abode of Snow'', Reprint (1993): Moyer Bell, Rhode Island, p. 108. ISBN 1-55921-100-8.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Batang, Sichuan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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